The Road To Destruction
Category: Coastal Forest, Colobus, Friends of Shimoni Forest, Shimoni Forest | Date: Nov 16 2009 | By: gvikenya
Today saw our forest teams heading back into the forest after a nice weekend off, and heading down to transect 2 and 4. However the optimism of the start of a new week was dampened somewhat by the devastating progress being made by the private developers who have their hands on the coastal plots that run along the southern and eastern edge of Shimoni east forest.
It was almost 9 months ago now when we first saw the plots being fenced off and cleared, and the appearance of several large roads that connected all of the plots. Since then all of the plots are getting destroyed slowly but surely, and one of the sites that was mere foundations a few months ago is almost a fully fledged hotel that can be seen by our marine teams out on the boat when they head north up to Funzi Bay.
One of the most shocking things our team noticed today though, was the progress that has been made on the roads. The original ones have become larger, wider and more cleared, and more such roads have sprung up forming large intersections and leading to new locations. If this continues at this rate then fairly soon the whole area near the coast will be flattened. And our surveys have shown that this area is widely used by colobus monkeys, yellow baboons, suni’s, Harvey’s duikers, Zanj elephant shrews and countless other species.
A section of the new road. In the distance you can see the smoke from the burning of cut vegetation
It is so sad that the people doing this cannot see what irreversible damage they are doing. I cannot believe that one can use ignorance as an excuse, as my 4 year old nephew could guess that what they are doing is ruthlessly destructive. We are going to attempt to get in contact with the owners of these plots as soon as possible. We are not going to lecture them or demand that they stop – it is their land after all. We will try and meet with them with our close partners Friends of Shimoni Forest, who can ask on behalf of the community that they at least try and do things more eco-friendly and try to minimise their impact.
There are simple measures they can take to reduce their impact, such as leaving some of the large trees standing so as to allow a consistent canopy or “corridors” of canopy over the plots. This will allow primate species to get across from one side of the plot to the other without having to go onto the ground.
We’ll let you know how it goes!
Tags: , cleared, coastal plots, colobus monkey, community, consistent canopy, corridors, eastern edge, eco-friendly, excuse, fenced off, foundations, Friends of Shimoni Forest, funzi bay, harvey's duiker, hotel, ignorance, irreversible damage, large intersections, large roads, large trees, lecture, Marine team, minimise impact, nephew, new locations, north, other species, owners, primate species, private developers, ruthlessly destructive, Shimoni east forest, southern edge, Suni, transect, yellow baboon, zanj elephant shrew
The Beauty Of Butterflies
Category: Butterflies, Shimoni Forest | Date: Oct 23 2009 | By: gvikenya
When I first came out here to GVI Kenya in July 2008, I never thought I would become an avid fan of butterflies. To be honest, I would have laughed at the thought (as would many of my friends back home in England!), but I now proud to say otherwise.
As part of our biodiversity research in Shimoni east forest, we monitor butterfly diversity and abundance. We are trying to put together a comprehensive species list, as well as record any changes in species presence, distribution, or changes in abundance. We do this for several reasons.
Charaxes brutus. Here you can see its proboscis very well (the curly red thing) which is used for feeding.
Firstly, butterflies are a very well studied taxon. They are also easily identifiable (they are 90% identifiable by external characteristics), and we can do it ourselves relatively accurately using a book (Larsen 2006). They are also excellent ecological indicators due to their very specific plant and habitat associations. So by monitoring them, we can indirectly monitor the health of the forest.
Charaxes brutus
And finally, they have a trait that plays straight into our hands. They can only take off upwards. This means they are very easy to trap! We use things called canopy traps, which comprise of a board with a pot of bait in the middle. A couple of inches above the board is a cylindrical tube of mosquito netting. So the butterflies fly onto the board to feed on the bait, then when they attempt to fly away, they fly straight into the net!
The face of Charaxes brutus
Once caught, we remove them from the net, and take photographs of the upperside and the underside for later identification. Getting them out of the trap is fairly easy. You grab them by the sides of the thorax, which is the middle section that houses all of the muscles for the legs and wings. You can then use your other hand to slide your finger between the wings and get a grip of the thorax from the top and bottom. The butterflies we catch in the traps tend to be the larger species, and they are very strong! It still surprises me how solid their thorax is, and the strength of their wings. By using this method, we can be sure not to touch their wings or harm the butterfly. Once photographed, we let them fly on their way. An example of the grip we get is shown below.
Papilio demodocus demodocus
I decided to write this blog because Andy (a new edition to GVI) has a camera with an amazing macro setting, allowing us to get some really cool photos of the butterflies. Enjoy the close ups!
Tags: , abundance, bait, biodiversity research, Butterflies, butterfly diversity, canopy traps, cylindical tube, distribution, ecological indicators, habitat association, health of the forest, identification, mosquito netting, papilio demodocus demodocus, plant association, Shimoni east forest, species list, species presence, taxon, thoraxcharaxes brutus, underside, upperside
Cutting Our Way To Shimoni West
Category: Coastal Forest, Colobus, Primate Research, Shimoni Forest | Date: Oct 22 2009 | By: gvikenya
Well my arms are aching and my hands are blistered, yet I feel the need to let everyone know about why…
We have been doing primate and biodiversity research on Shimoni east forest for almost 4 years now, and are getting some robust data. Yet just across the road on the other side of Shimoni village lies the uncharted, and mysterious realm of Shimoni west, ever beckoning us to it. We have been planning to expand our research into Shimoni west for a while now, and have finally begun the adventure.
The girls ready for the day
The western forest is almost twice the size of its counterpart, and teaming with flora and fauna that are crying out for recognition. There is definitely a viable population of our beloved colobus monkey, as highlighted by the censuses conducted in 2001 by Julie Anderson and in 2007 by GVI. That is the only time GVI have officially done research in West, and Anderson’s census is the only other event.
We have on occasion, ventured into Shimoni west on fact finding missions and with the intention of making preliminary assessments into the possibility of starting research in there, and one thing we have noticed is the high level of disturbance ranging from charcoal pits, pit saws and snares. This only increased our sense of urgency.
Katie getting stuck in
So as of last week, we have officially begun our preparations. By preparations, we mean donning work gloves, sharpening our pangas (machetes) and practicing our angry faces and heading into West to begin the long and tiresome process of cutting transects. Transects are an essential part of research (specifically for distance sampling – the method of survey we use for the primates), which involves cutting paths in a grid system that allow us to pass relatively easily through the research area. We do try and minimize the damage we cause, so there is always plenty of crawling and climbing!
Matt’s panga face
We’ve started cutting our north / south spine, which will run approximately 1 – 1.2 km through the centre of the forest, off which our research transects (that run east-west) can cross. We have done two days so far, and have gone approximately 600 metres! That may not sound like much, but trust me on this – it’s not bad! This endeavor will take many months to complete (as we still have to carry on our surveys in East), but we’ll keep you updated on our progress.
Once more into the breach dear friends!
Tags: , adventure, angolan black and white colobus, biodiversity research, census, Charcoal Pit, climbing, colobus monkey, crawling, distance sampling, disturbance, fauna, flora, grid system, Julie Anderson, machete, panga, pitsaws, preparations, Primate Research, research area, Shimoni east forest, Shimoni village, Shimoni west forest, snare, snese of urgency, transects, western forest, work gloves
Inside The Mind Of A Colobus
Category: Coastal Forest, Colobus, Primate Research, Shimoni Forest | Date: Oct 16 2009 | By: gvikenya
Have you ever asked yourself what you would do with your day if you were a colobus monkey? Perhaps not, but down here in Shimoni east forest, we are rather curious…
GVI has been conducting primate behaviour surveys on the colobus monkeys for about two and a half years now. It has been a constant effort, but unfortunately we have never dedicated as much time and energy into it as we would have liked. This is due to the fact that our forest research programme has many parts to it, with an array of different surveys that all require our attention.
We have been privileged recently though, by the presence of a masters student from Manchester Metropolitan University who has come out to do his thesis on colobus behaviour in Shimoni forest!
Gareth has been with us for over ten weeks now, and still has approximately five weeks to go. He has been stomping through the forest during every waking hour in search of our beloved colobus, with the hope of quietly observing and recording their behaviours.
The main outputs one wants from behavioural surveys are time budgets. These are simple breakdowns of what the colobus actually spend their time doing (normally as a percentage of total time). So for example you could observe that during the early hours of the morning, an adult male may spend 60% of his time feeding, whereas during mid day, this may be replaced by resting (say for perhaps 85% of the time). Whilst one is recording states (which are longer durations e.g. feeding and resting), one is also recording events, which are of a shorter duration, or “instant” events such as urination, or scratching.
You may be asking yourself why we would be interested in these details of a monkeys life. Well, apart from being amazing to watch (they are scarily human-like!), these observations can tell us much about the wellbeing of the population, the impact of environmental pressures, the effects of human presence / absence, and the impact that human disturbance is having on different populations.
For example if you were to observe a troop that reside deep in the forest well away from human presence, and then compare those results to a troop that is near recent destruction, you may observe some serious differences. The troop deep in the forest may spend more time feeding in the morning and evening, and resting during the middle of the day – what they should be doing. The troop closer to human disturbance may spend more time alert, or travelling. This reduces the time they can spend on activities such as feeding, or socially important behaviours like grooming. You do not need to be a genius to guess that this will be likely to have implications for the health of the individuals and the troop as a whole.
Observing colobus in their natural habitat
So we are very happy to have Gareth here with us, and are extremely excited to see his results. They may well reveal some distressing facts, which I have no doubt we will be able to link to the increasing destruction of the forest. But the first step is collecting this data, and analysing the results. Once we have firm conclusions, the next question will be “why?” and the next step – how do we stop it.
Tags: , adult male, alert, angolan black and white colobus, behavioural survey, distressing facts, energy, events, feeding, firm conclusions, human disturbance, human presence, instant event, Manchester Metropolitan University, observations, percentage total time, population, primate behaviour, resting, results, scratching, Shimoni east forest, social activity, states, surveys, time, time budgets, urination
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